Changes in foliar nutrient content and resorption in Fraxinus excelsior L., Ulmus minor Mill. and Clematis vitalba L. after prevention of floods

نویسندگان

  • José-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez
  • Diane Schmitt
چکیده

This paper focuses on the impact of flood on tree mineral nutrition through measurement of resorption (i.e. transfer of nutrients from leaves to perennial organs). Nutrient (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) concentrations in leaves of three representative species, Fraxinus excelsior L., Ulmus minor Mill. and Clematis vitalba L. were measured before and after abscission on flooded and unflooded hardwood forests of the upper Rhine plain. The nutrient concentrations in the soils, which were measured in the top layer of the study sites, were higher in the flooded sites for P but slightly lower for N and K, and identical at both types of site for Ca and Mg. The summer foliage concentrations were higher for N and P in the flooded areas, and probably related to the flooding process, which contributes to regular nutrient inputs in the flooded forest, causes high fluctuations of water level and increases bioavailability of certain nutrients. Resorption occurred for all nutrients in the three species, and was higher for N, P and K (40-70 %) than for Ca and Mg (0-45 %), but not significantly different at the two sites. This paper stresses the variability of the test species response (nutrient content and resorption) to the soil and flood water nutrient sources, and tries to specify parameters which control resorption, i.e. soil fertility, tree species or flood stress. © 1999 Inra/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. nutrient / resorption/ floods / alluvial forest / mineral nutrition / ligneous species Résumé Impact de la suppression des inondations sur le contenu minéral foliaire et la retranslocation chez Fraxinus exelsior, Ulmus minor et Clematis vitalba. Afin de vérifier l’influence des crues sur la nutrition minérale d’espèces ligneuses en zone alluviale, nous avons étudié le transfert des nutriments des feuilles vers les organes pérennes à la sénescence (résorption). Les concentrations de nutriments (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) ont été mesurées dans les feuilles de trois espèces ligneuses, Fraxinus excelsior L., Ulmus minor Mill. et Clematis vitalba L. avant et après abscission dans des forêts alluviales inondables et non inondables de la plaine du Rhin supérieur. Alors que les concentrations de phosphore dans l’horizon superficiel des sols inondables sont plus élevées que celles mesurées dans les sols non inondés, elles sont un peu plus faibles pour l’azote et le potassium et identiques pour Ca et Mg entre les deux types de sites. Les concentrations d’azote et de phosphore dans les feuilles d’été sont en général plus élevées dans les sites inondables. Ce résultat est à mettre en relation avec les inondations qui apportent des nutriments, provoquent des fluctuations importantes des niveaux d’eau et augmentent la biodisponibilité de certains nutriments. On mesure une résorption de tous les nutriments pour les trois espèces non significativement différente entre les deux types de sites; elle est cependant plus importante pour N, P, K (40-70 %) que pour Ca et Mg (0-45 %). Le contenu foliaire et la résorption des nutriments sont analysés comme éléments de réponse des espèces tests aux paramètres de contrôle: la fertilité des sols et les inondations. © 1999 Inra/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. nutriment / résorption / forêt alluviale / nutrition minérale / espèce ligneuse * Correspondence and reprints [email protected]

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تاریخ انتشار 2007